Types of Ownership

Types of Ownership

Types of Ownership

COOPERATIVE

Cooperatives, or co-ops, comprise a significant portion of New York City’s real estate market. When purchasing a cooperative apartment, one purchases shares of stock in a corporation that owns the building and usually the land beneath. A stock certificate representing the purchased shares and a proprietary lease giving the right to occupy the apartment are conveyed at closing.

The size of the apartment and its amenities determine the number of allocated shares, which therefore determines the amount of maintenance. Maintenance fees cover the operating costs of the building such as upkeep of common areas, staff salaries, as well as payment of real estate taxes and interest on any underlying building mortgage.

A Board of Directors, whose duties are to conduct the business of the corporation and oversee the management company of the building, is elected from among the shareholders. Typically, the Board or an interview committee reviews the application of each prospective shareholder or lessee and presides over a personal interview prior to approving any purchase or lease. The Board has the right to approve or deny any applicant without cause.

Most co-ops require shareholders to occupy their apartments as primary residences; however, depending on the building, there may be an allowance for subletting. A prospective lessor is required to submit a formal application and personally interview with the Board for its approval. Duration varies from building to building, so be sure to ask your agent to confirm.

CONDOMINIUM

The ownership of a condominium apartment is similar to the ownership of real property. A purchaser of a condo takes title by deed for not only the apartment but also a percentage of the building’s common areas. Each owner pays property taxes to the city and common charges to the Board of Managers for their individual units. Real estate taxes may be deductible, however common charges are not.

The Board of Managers is elected by the condo residents to oversee building operations and enforcement of the “house rules.” The board uses the common charges to pay employees, as well as repair and improve the building.

Condominium transactions include a “right of first refusal” by the Board within 20-30 days from receipt of a completed application.

COND-OP

By definition, a cond-op is a residential cooperative where the ground floor (typically commercial units) is converted into a separate condominium owned by either an outside investor or the original Sponsor of the building. Because the owner of the condo is not the owner of the co-op, the co-op does not receive the benefit from the condo income. Cooperatives that operate in the style of a Condominium are commonly yet inaccurately referred to as cond-ops.

TOWNHOUSE & HOUSE

A purchaser of a townhouse or house receives “fee simple” ownership of real property. The owner is responsible for payment of real estate taxes and common charges such as but not limited to water, electric, gas, as well as insurance. The owner is also solely responsible for approving the sale or lease of the property. When owning your home, all equipment, repairs and upkeep such as roof, heating/cooling, windows, outdoor structures, hot water, electrical systems, video monitor and anti-theft systems are maintained by the homeowner, unless a property manager is hired. In addition to single family townhomes, some properties are designated as multi-dwelling (i.e., 2-4 family) homes. Check with your attorney about the possibility of increasing or decreasing such designations. Keep in mind that homes which are larger than 4-family are considered a commercial purchase.

Differences in Ownership Structure

	CONDO	CO-OP	TOWNHOUSE
OWNERSHIP TYPE	Deed / Title	Stock Certificate	Deed / Title
REQUIRED MONTHLY COSTS	Common Charges, RE Taxes, Homeowners Insurance	Maintenance, Homeowners Insurance	RE Taxes, Homeowners Insurance, Water/Sewer Heat/Hot Water
FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS	Funds to Close	Debt to Income Requirements, Post-closing Liquidity	Subject to Bank Approval
DUE DILIGENCE	Offering Plan. Building Financials, Meeting Minutes, Management Questionnaire	Offering Plan, Building Financials, Meeting Minutes, Management Questionnaire	Inspection of Mechanicals, Roof, Electric, Property and Land
APPROVAL PROCESS	Purchase Application	Board Package and Interview	Property Inspection and Bank Approval (if applicable)
RENTING OUT / SUBLETTING	At Owner’s will subject to technical approval	Subject to Board Approval and might have a time limit and board interview required	At Owner’s will but subject to what certificate of occupancy allows
APPROX CLOSING TIME FRAME	2-3 Months from Contract Signing	3-4 Months from Contract Signing	1-2 Months, depending on financing and seller time frame
POTENTIAL ADDITIONAL COSTS	Capital Contribution	Flip Tax	Inspection and Survey
CLOSING COSTS	Ranges from 3-7% of purchase price	Substantially less than that of Real Property	Ranges from 3-7% of purchase price